Say What? Ninth Circuit Says Affirmative Defenses Can’t Stop Class Certification Unless Defendant Proves the Merits of the Defense as to Every Single Class MemberJust when you thought litigating Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA) class actions was as unsafe as it could get for defendants, the Ninth Circuit said, “Not so fast.”

In McKesson v. True Health, two chiropractic practices sought to represent a class of plaintiffs who allegedly received unsolicited faxes containing advertisements in violation of the

Another Punt: The Supreme Court Denies Certiorari in the <i>Zappos</i> CaseWe wrote recently about how the certiorari petition in Zappos.com, Inc. v. Stevens was a possible vehicle to put the question of standing in data breach cases back before the Supreme Court. Alas, the Court denied the certiorari petition on March 25.

Combined with the Supreme Court’s remand in Frank v. Gaos, those wishing

Injury-in-Fact vs. Actual Damages –– Avoiding a Jurisdictional Sideshow in Data Breach Class Actions by Challenging Damages, Not InjuryFollowing the Supreme Court’s ruling in Spokeo v. Robins, which held that federal plaintiffs alleging a statutory violation must have suffered a real, concrete injury in order to have Article III standing, many defendants began to assert lack of standing as a defense in data breach class actions in federal court. Data breach cases